World War I The War That Ended All Wars - 1063 Words

World War I Tristan Mahler Mrs. Charf U.S. History December 1 2014 Why World War I World War I known as the war that ended all wars. The war took place between 1914 and 1918. World war one was inevitable, the whole world was at each other’s throats. Most countries were brought into the war because of the alliances they had with each other. World War 1 happened for many reasons but its main causes were Germany beginning militarism, nationalism, countries being drawn into war by their alliances, and the trigger which is the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand. Germany begins militarism was the very first mistake, and many other nations also begin militarism during the year 1914. Other countries began to build up arms out of fear that Germany would attack. It wasn’t that the nations building up their arms caused them to go to war. The generals of each country were constantly pressuring their leaders to demand increases in the security spending. They contributed to the mood of the war. The generals would constantly draw and bring up war plans. They would say these were the solutions to the country’s political problems. The militaristic culture was strongest in Germany, the German army was formed in old Prussia by the Junkers. A small but authoritative group of Prussian aristocrats. Germany elected a parliament, he did almost nothing in the say in military matters. In many ways the German military only acted as a part of the government, instead of them being aShow MoreRelatedThe United States During World War I1506 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States during World War I extended their â€Å"military, economic, and/or political control† to other weaker countries like, Hawaii, Cuba, Guam, and Puerto Rico. They were following the policy of Imperialism.1 Imperialism allows for nations to be able to trade with one another and businesses preferred it because it helped the United States economy. Nationalism is when the people of a nation are under one government and this played a key factor in starting world war one. There was tension betweenRead MoreResults of World War 1772 Words   |  4 PagesWorld War I - Results The First World War â€Å"ended† in 1918 in November, when the Treaty of Versailles was signed to create an armistice. Though this treaty became active on that day for Western Europe, this treaty did not take effect in Eastern Europe until up to mid-1920s. Political, cultural, and social order was changed immensely in Europe, Asia, and Africa, even countries not directly in the war. As a result of the damages from the war, many new countries were formed. Also, millions of peopleRead MoreWar I And World War II1392 Words   |  6 Pagesdescription of the mindset during both World War 1 and World War 2. There are many aspects of war that can be compared and contrasted. I am going to compare and contrast World War 1 and World War 2. I will explain how they started, what happened or changed during both, and how they ended. War begins with a conflict, sometimes it can be avoidable but for both of the World Wars, I think they were unstoppable. â€Å"Though it was not the bloodiest nor most prolonged war in history, nor strictly, as it wasRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb On The World War II887 Words   |  4 Pagesof Hiroshima and Nagasaki. I completely agree with President Truman’s decision to drop the atomic bomb on the two Japanese cities because I believe it is the main reason that ended World War II. Being from Malaysia, my grandparents often told me stories of their sufferings during World War II. As Singapore’s former Prime Minister concurred, the Japanese soldiers were mean, brutal and vicious towards the civilians, and if the atomic bombs were not dropped to end the war, hundreds of thousands of civiliansRead MoreWas World War II Inevitable?1042 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Was World War II Inevitable? For quite a number of reasons, World War II was largely inevitable. In this text, I will take into consideration some arguments that have been presented in the past in an attempt to demonstrate the inevitability of the Second World War. These arguments range from the creation of the Treaty of Versailles to the conditions imposed on Germany to nationalistic issues. Many historians consider Germans invasion into Poland the official commencement date of the Second WorldRead MoreEssay on Effect of World War I on The United States927 Words   |  4 PagesWorld War I began in 1914 as a result of several things including alliances and nationalism throughout the world, and imperialistic nations attempting to gain more global power. The United States tried to stay with the foreign policy known as isolationism and stay completely out of the war. However, due to Germany’s severe actions, America was forced to enter the war in 1917 on the side of the Allies. This greatly helped the Al lies in accomplishing a victory. The war ended in 1919 although thereRead MoreThe World War I Started934 Words   |  4 PagesWorld War I began in 1914 and ended 5 years later in 1919. World War II began decades later in 1939 and ended 6 years later in 1945. World War I began when nationalism rose. When nationalism was on the rise they thought it would increase loyalty in the country. Instead of loyalty, people began to want more power. Archduke Ferdinand was the leader of Hungary. He was assassinated by a Serbian terrorist and this later lead to World War I. World War II began because they fought to defeat complete controlRead MoreThe Boxer And The Battle Of The Qing Dynasty942 Words   |  4 PagesAn uprising that occurred in 1911 to the Qing Dynasty that ended the dynasty, making China become republic during the year 1912; the Boxer Rebellion had weakened the dynasty. The Boxer Protocol of September 1901 protecting Beijing and all officials of both Chinese government and Boxe r were to be charged with the uprising. The boxer rebellion ended those terms. In 1900 a Chinese secret organization known as the Society of the Righteous and Harmonious Fists created a revolution toward the spread ofRead MoreCauses of World War I Essay1167 Words   |  5 Pagesevents happens to be World War I, which was evoked by many different causes. The most significant and immediate causes of this catastrophe was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife, Sophie. Numerous nations were involved in this war, and two examples of opposing forces are Germany and Russia. World War I was resolved to an extent with the Treaty of Versailles, but it was not entirely settled. This is clear because World War II was a result of World War I. The assassinationRead MoreEffects Of Spanish American War On U. S1734 Words   |  7 PagesEffects of Spanish-American War on U. S. A. The Spanish-American war occurred in 1898 between the United States and Spain where the U. S. interrupted Cuba’s struggle for independence which resulted into the Philippine revolution. Some historians explain that the war publicized by the Hearst and Pulitzer newspapers which blame the sinking of the ship U. S. Maine on Spain, which had been sent to protect America’s interest and Americans living there. There was rising pressure on Congress to push the

Mankiw Chapter 1 Solution Free Essays

The answers to the Quick Quizzes can also be found near the end of the textbook. 1. The four principles of economic decision making are: (1) people face trade-offs; (2) the cost of something is what you give up to get it; (3) rational people think at the margin; and (4) people respond to incentives. We will write a custom essay sample on Mankiw Chapter 1 Solution or any similar topic only for you Order Now People face trade-offs because to get one thing that they like, they usually have to give up another thing that they like. The cost of something is what you give up to get it, not just in terms of monetary costs but all opportunity costs.Rational people think at the margin by taking an action if and only if the marginal benefit exceeds the marginal cost. People respond to incentives because they choose activities by comparing benefits to costs; therefore, a change in these benefits or costs may cause their behavior to change. The three principles concerning people’s economic interactions are: (1) trade can make everyone better off; (2) markets are usually a good way to organize economic activity; and (3) governments can sometimes improve market outcomes.Trade can make everyone better off because it allows countries to specialize in what they do best and to enjoy a wider variety of goods and services. Markets are usually a good way to organize economic activity because the invisible hand leads markets to desirable outcomes. Governments can sometimes improve market outcomes because markets may fail to allocate resources efficiently due to an externality or market power.The three principles that describe how the economy as a whole works are: (1) a country’s standard of living depends on its ability to produce goods and se rvices; (2) prices rise when the government prints too much money; and (3) society faces a shortrun trade-off between inflation and unemployment. A country’s standard of living depends largely on the productivity of its workers, which in turn depends on the education of its workers and the access its workers have to the necessary tools and technology. Prices rise when the government prints too much money because more money in circulation reduces the value of money, causing inflation.Society faces a short-run trade-off between inflation and unemployment that is only temporary. Policymakers have some short-term ability to exploit this relationship using various policy instruments. 2. 3. Questions for Review 1. Examples of trade-offs include time trade-offs (such as studying one subject over another or studying at all compared to engaging in social activities) and spending tradeoffs (such as whether to use your last 15 dollars to purchase a pizza or to buy a study guide for that tough economics course). The opportunity cost of seeing a movie includes the monetary cost of admission plus the time cost of going to the theater and attending the show. The time cost depends on what else you might do with that time; if it is staying home and watching TV, the time cost may be small, but if it is working an extra three hours at your job, the time cost is the money you could have earned. The marginal benefit of a glass of water depends on your circumstances. If you have just 2. 3. Chapter 1/Ten Principles of Economics 2 un a marathon or you have been walking in the desert sun for three hours, the marginal benefit is very high. But if you have been drinking a lot of liquids recently, the marginal benefit is quite low. The point is that even the necessities of life, like water, do not always have large marginal benefits. 4. Policymakers need to think about incentives so they can understand how people will respond to the policies they put in place. The text’s example of seat belt laws shows that policy actions can have unintended consequences.If incentives matter a lot, they may lead to a very different type of policy; for example, some economists have suggested putting knives in steering columns so that people will drive much more carefully! While this suggestion is silly, it highlights the importance of incentives. Trade among countries is not a game with some losers and some winners because trade can make everyone better off. By allowing specialization, trade between people and trade between countries can improve everyone’s welfare. The â€Å"invisible hand† of the marketplace represents the idea that even though individuals and firms are all acting in their own self-interest, prices and the marketplace guide them to do what is good for society as a whole. The two main causes of market failure are externalities and market power. An externality is the impact of one person’s actions on the well-being of a bystander, such as from pollution or the creation of knowledge. Market power refers to the ability of a single person (or small group of people) to unduly influence market prices, such as in a town with only one well or only one cable television company.In addition, a market economy also leads to an unequal distribution of income. Productivity is important because a country’s standard of living depends on its ability to produce goods and services. The greater a country’s productivity (the amount of goods and services produced from each hour of a worker’s time), the greater its s tandard of living will be. Inflation is an increase in the overall level of prices in the economy. Inflation is caused by increases in the quantity of a nation’s money.Inflation and unemployment are negatively related in the short run. Thus, reducing inflation entails costs to society in the form of higher unemployment in the short run. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Problems and Applications 1. a. A family deciding whether to buy a new car faces a trade-off between the cost of the car and other things they might want to buy. For example, buying the car might mean they must give up going on vacation for the next two years. So the real cost of the car is the family’s opportunity cost in terms of what they must give up.For a member of Congress deciding whether to increase spending on national parks, the trade-off is between parks and other spending items or tax cuts. If more money goes into the park system, that may mean less spending on national defense or on the police force. Or, instead of spending more money on the park system, taxes could be reduced. b. Chapter 1/Ten Principles of Economics c. 3 When a company president decides whether to open a new factory, the decision is based on whether the new factory will increase the firm’s profits compared to other alternatives. For example, the company could upgrade existing equipment or expand existing factories. The bottom line is: Which method of expanding production will increase profit the most? In deciding how much to prepare for class, a professor faces a trade-off between the value of improving the quality of the lecture compared to other things she could do with her time, such as working on additional research. d. 2. When the benefits of something are psychological, such as going on a vacation, it is not easy to compare benefits to costs to determine if it is worth doing.But there are two ways to think about the benefits. One is to compare the vacation with what you would do in its place. If you did not go on vacation, would you buy something like a new set of golf clubs? Then you can decide if you would rather have the new clubs or the vacation. A second way is to think about how hard you had to work to earn the money to pay for the vacation. You can then decide if the psychological benefits of the vacation were worth the psychological cost of working.If you are thinking of going skiing instead of working at your part-time job, the cost of skiing includes its monetary and time costs, which includes the opportunity cost of the wages you are giving up by not working. If the choice is between skiing and going to the library to study, then the cost of skiing is its monetary and time costs including the cost of getting lower grades in your courses. If you spend $100 now instead of saving it for a year and earning 5 percent interest, you are giving up the opportunity to spend $105 a year from now.The fact that you have already sunk $5 million is not relevant to your decis ion anymore, because that money is gone. What matters now is the chance to earn profits at the margin. If you spend another $1 million and can generate sales of $3 million, you’ll earn $2 million in marginal profit, so you should do so. You are right to think that the project has lost a total of $3 million ($6 million in costs and only $3 million in revenue) and you should not have started it. That is true, but if you do not spend the additional $1 million, you will not have any sales and your losses will be $5 million.So what matters is not the total profit, but the profit you can earn at the margin. In fact, you wouldd pay up to $3 million to complete development; any more than that, and you will not be increasing profit at the margin. Harry suggests looking at whether productivity would rise or fall. Productivity is certainly important, since the more productive workers are, the lower the cost per gallon of potion. Ron wants to look at average cost. But both Harry and Ron are missing the other side of the equation? revenue. A firm wants to maximize its profits, so it needs to examine both costs and revenues.Thus, Hermione is right? it is best to examine whether the extra revenue would exceed the extra costs. Hermione is the only one who is thinking at the margin. a. The provision of Social Security benefits lowers an individual’s incentive to save for retirement. The benefits provide some level of income to the individual when he or she retires. This means that the individual is not entirely dependent on savings to support consumption through the years in retirement. Since a person gets fewer after-tax Social Security benefits the greater his or her 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. b.Chapter 1/Ten Principles of Economics earnings are, there is an incentive not to work (or not work as much) after age 65. The more you work, the lower your after-tax Social Security benefits will be. Thus, the taxation of Social Security benefits discourages work effort after age 65. 8. a. b. When welfare recipients have their benefits cut off after two years, they have a greater incentive to find jobs than if their benefits were to last forever. 4 The loss of benefits means that someone who cannot find a job will get no income at all, so the distribution of income will become less equal.But the economy will be more efficient, because welfare recipients have a greater incentive to find jobs. Thus, the change in the law is one that increases efficiency but reduces equity. 9. By specializing in each task, you and your roommate can finish the chores more quickly. If you divided each task equally, it would take you more time to cook than it would take your roommate, and it would take him more time to clean than it would take you. By specializing, you reduce the total time spent on chores. Similarly, countries can specialize and trade, making both better off.For example, suppose it takes Spanish workers less time to make clothes than French workers, and French workers can make wine more efficiently than Spanish workers. Then Spain and France can both benefit if Spanish workers produce all the clothes and French workers produce all the wine, and they exchange wine for clothes. 10. a. To produce the right number of CDs by the right artists and deliver them to the right people requires an enormous amount of information. You need to know about production techniques and costs in the CD industry. You need to know each person’s musical tastes and which artists they want to hear.If you make the wrong decisions, you will be producing too many CDs by artists that people do not want to hear, and not enough by others. Your decisions about CDs will carry over to other decisions. You have to make the right number of CD players for people to use. If you make too many CDs and not enough cassette tapes, people with cassette players will be stuck with CDs they cannot play. The probability of making mistakes is very high. You will also be faced with tough choices about the music industry compared to other parts of the economy.If you produce more sports equipment, you will have fewer resources for making CDs. So all decisions about the economy influence your decisions about CD production. b. 11. Countries that have corrupt police and court systems do not enforce individual property rights, including the rights over the goods and services produced by households and firms. Firms will not choose to produce products and individuals will choose not to work if there is no guarantee that they will receive payment for their efforts. Therefore, these countries end up with a lower standard of living. . b. c. d. e. Efficiency: The market failure comes from the market power of the cable TV firm. Equity Efficiency: An externality arises because secondhand smoke harms nonsmokers. Efficiency: The market failure occurs because of Standard Oil’s market power. Equity 12. Chapter 1/Ten Principles of Economics f. 13. a. 5 Efficiency: There is an externality because of accidents caused by drunk drivers. If everyone were guaranteed the best health care possible, much more of our nation’s output would be devoted to medical care than is now the case.Would that be efficient? If you believe that doctors have market power and restrict health care to keep their incomes high, you might think efficiency would increase by providing more health care. But more likely, if the government mandated increased spending on health care, the economy would be less efficient because it would give people more health care than they would choose to pay for. From the point of view of equity, if poor people are less likely to have adequate health care, providing more health care would represent an improvement.Each person would have a more even slice of the economic pie, though the pie would consist of more health care and less of other goods. When workers are laid off, equity considerations argue for the unemployment be nefits system to provide them with some income until they can find new jobs. After all, no one plans to be laid off, so unemployment benefits are a form of insurance. But there is an efficiency problem? why work if you can get income for doing nothing? The economy is not operating efficiently if people remain unemployed for a long time, and unemployment benefits encourage unemployment.Thus, there is a trade-off between equity and efficiency. The more generous unemployment benefits are, the less income is lost by an unemployed person, but the more that person is encouraged to remain unemployed. So greater equity reduces efficiency. b. 14. Because average income in the United States has roughly doubled every 35 years, we are likely to have a better standard of living than our parents, and a much better standard of living than our grandparents. This is mainly the result of increased productivity, so that an hour of work produces more goods and services than it used to.Thus, incomes have continuously risen over time, as has the standard of living. If Americans save more and it leads to more spending on factories, there will be an increase in production and productivity, because the same number of workers will have more equipment to work with. The benefits from higher productivity will go to both the workers, who will get paid more because they are producing more, and the factory owners, who will get a return on their investments. There is no such thing as a free lunch, however, because when people save more, they are giving up spending. They get higher incomes at the cost of buying fewer goods. To make an intelligent decision about whether to reduce inflation, a policymaker would need to know what causes inflation and unemployment, as well as what determines the trade-off between them. This means that the policymaker needs to understand how households and firms will adjust to a decrease in the money supply. How much will spending decline? How much will firms lower output? Any attempt to reduce inflation will likely lead to higher unemployment in the short run. A policymaker thus faces a trade-off between the benefits of lower inflation compared to the cost of higher unemployment. Answers will vary. 15. 16. 17. How to cite Mankiw Chapter 1 Solution, Papers

Not many people are happy, but all the libraries are filled with books on happiness Essay Example For Students

Not many people are happy, but all the libraries are filled with books on happiness Essay Not many people are happy, but all the libraries are filled with books on happiness, and this very fact should make us curious. The Ancients gave us dozens of recipes on how to conduct a happy life, each of them contradicting the other, or at least, with very dissimilar opinions. The Modernity has its own solutions up to the negation of the very possibility of having a happy life. And recently, mister Francis H. came up with his own idea of happiness. He argues that the problem of happiness can be reduced to wealth, knowledge and a personal belief of being in control of ones own life. Lets at first consider these factors. Wealth is important, according to mister Francis H. , because it allows the satisfaction of ones basic needs. It seems to me that if it was true, the Ancients had no chance to be happy at all and we can not be happy as well, since in the time to come people will be even more wealthy than they are now see later on the part of my essay On Future and able to better satisfy their needs. Well, I guess the notion of wealth is just relative. Same as basic needs which can cause even more trouble. What are basic needs? Color TV and refrigerator or your own jet plane? Or maybe just a barrel in a harbor as Diogenes showed us? Knowledge. In my opinion the problem with knowledge may be similar to the wealth issue. Knowledge in general meant as scientific knowledge has increased dramatically over the last centuries, but arguing that this has contributed to general happiness is at least risky, not to mention superfluous. This problem has two main aspects, firstly, its relativity as in the case of wealth; we can fly to Venus and kill most of the microbes but there is still much more to be done. Secondly, its validity in the pure aspect, as giving us answers about the world and life in general. On the other hand, as far as personal knowledge, or education, or ones intelligence goes, I dont really see any direct correlation between what one knows and is capable of doing to his own happiness. History can supply us with arguments to both sides. If you dont like history, go to the nearest psychiatric hospital to see the lack of correlation. Here we come to the third aspect of happiness: The personal belief of being in control. This is not just a relative factor as the two previous ones. This is a subjective factor, and, to me, the only real one. It is founded on ones opinion or interpretation of external events, or ones own character, whatever you call it. Therefore it is crucial and subsumes all the rest. One is happy when he believes he is happy. Remark 1: Lets discuss for a moment the problem of inclination that one has towards the opinions of others. The level of this inclination is in most of our fellow citizens very high, assessing by mere observation or giving just a little thought to the way commercials are made. The basis of advertising is the assumption that the public is incapable of having its own judgment, and this assumption must be right, otherwise the commercials would look different. How can you be happy if you didnt yet go to disneyland or didnt have a big mac for dinner? Reversing the mode of commercials we could make a lot of people happy insisting that they are happy because they have so much. And this is what the politicians try to do when running for re-election. They know the power of playing on peoples lack of judgment. You people should be happy because each of you has a house with a backyard, and we lowered the taxes! , or something like that. .u066847b48871df11706ad42b3eb540d6 , .u066847b48871df11706ad42b3eb540d6 .postImageUrl , .u066847b48871df11706ad42b3eb540d6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u066847b48871df11706ad42b3eb540d6 , .u066847b48871df11706ad42b3eb540d6:hover , .u066847b48871df11706ad42b3eb540d6:visited , .u066847b48871df11706ad42b3eb540d6:active { border:0!important; } .u066847b48871df11706ad42b3eb540d6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u066847b48871df11706ad42b3eb540d6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u066847b48871df11706ad42b3eb540d6:active , .u066847b48871df11706ad42b3eb540d6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u066847b48871df11706ad42b3eb540d6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u066847b48871df11706ad42b3eb540d6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u066847b48871df11706ad42b3eb540d6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u066847b48871df11706ad42b3eb540d6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u066847b48871df11706ad42b3eb540d6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u066847b48871df11706ad42b3eb540d6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u066847b48871df11706ad42b3eb540d6 .u066847b48871df11706ad42b3eb540d6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u066847b48871df11706ad42b3eb540d6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X grew up in di EssayA similar thing happens in the relation between people where the incapability of judging on ones own results in following fashions or mimicking behavior, or in envying others achievements or way of life since other peoples lives so often look good when viewed from the outside. Therefore, because the follower can never be satisfied, the requirement of happiness is to have your own judgment. Remark 2: Schopenhauer rightly noticed that people always have serious problems, no matter what is happening. He asserted that the total level of ones disturbance by problems remains constant over time. If somebody breaks his leg, his problem is the broken leg and not, for example, being yelled at by a stranger on the street. In such a situation the encounter with this stranger doesnt matter at all. On the other hand, if he didnt break his leg, the great problem accounting for a sleepless night would be this stranger. Therefore, the solution or avoidance of one problem does not help at all in being content, a new one is just ready to take its place. I thing this is a great remark on human behavior and it should be kept in mind such as to make life easier.

Risk Management Applications

Table of Contents Introduction Company description Social benefits of Beacon Power Company Highest risks of failure The strategies to prevent such failure Conclusion References Introduction Any business or company may develop or plunge depending on certain circumstances. Despite the fact that the primary objective of any business is to prosper, companies or business organizations must be aware of the risk factors associated with their prosperity.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Risk Management Applications specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Normally, there is extensive public attention to companies that are rapidly growing, thus risk management is a fundamental aspect in such companies to minimize chances of failure. Globally, green technology companies have continually been in the public limelight for their rapid progress, making substantial impacts both socially and economically (Rugy, 2012). In special atten tion to the United States of America, the state has witnessed the emergence of changes in the transportation sector and energy sector. Electric Vehicle (EV) technology, electric auto producers, and coal-fired utility companies have emerged. However, such companies have risk-associated factors like environmental squalor among other factors. Therefore, this essay seeks to examine social benefits, highest risks of failure, and recommends possible strategies to prevent that failure in Beacon Power Company. Company description Beacon Power Corporation is an American company globally renowned for flywheel-based energy storage technology. The company began operating in the year 1997, as a branch of Sat. Con’s Energy Systems Division in Chicago. The company aimed at investing in the energy sector by establishing advanced flywheel-based energy storage system. In the year 1998, the company became a separate entity and got publication in 2000 (U.S. Department of Energy, 2011). Beacon Po wer Corporation Company started operating in North America where the first and second flywheel technology systems gained public awareness. In 2004, the company became interested in developing an energy recycle system that absorbs electricity from the grid when demand is low and releases it when the demand is high. Tremendous efforts in the project became successful and the company demonstrated the system from 2005-2007. Thereafter, in 2012 the Rockland Capital took over the company and renamed it as Beacon Power, LLC.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Beacon Power Company deals with commercial production of electricity using â€Å"composite flywheel technology for grid-scale frequency regulation† (U.S. Department of Energy, 2011). The primary business objective of the company is to provide frequency regulation service, through owing, building, or even operating flywheel -based frequency regulation companies on a commercial basis. The company mainly uses environmentally sound flywheel technology to produce energy that has turned imperative in providing Americans with clean energy solutions (U.S. Department of Energy, 2011). The company has developed exponentially since 1999 and currently is among the leading US energy companies in green technology in providing economically, socially, and environmentally friendly services. Currently, plans are underway to expand in the business market by inviting co-investors to manage some of the company’s regulation plants. However, recently the company has been in the public realm as being marred with several challenges that serve as risk factors to its failure. The company suffers bankruptcy and in most cases responsible for some social economic and minor environmental effects. Social benefits of Beacon Power Company Beacon Power Company has continually proved significant in providing some social benefits to the Americans and some parts of the world as well. The company plays a pivotal role in the socio-economical life of Americans. Due to its rapid growth and development, the company initiates several construction projects of which majority of them last for almost a year or several months. Therefore, through construction, the company provides a number of direct jobs to the population. Constructors, builders, and engineers acquire employment in the construction site. On the other hand, the company has some indirect positive economic impacts within the construction area since vendors and other equipment suppliers become beneficiaries from capital orders for construction equipment and support systems (U.S. Department of Energy, 2011). On completing the construction, several job vacancies emerge ranging from managerial to subordinate jobs. Construction of the company further leads to urbanization of the region, thus calling for other business investors that in turn create job vacancies. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Risk Management Applications specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Being an energy provider, Beacon Power Company has extensively invested in production of efficient, reliable, and resilient electric smart grid that ensures a constant supply of power in areas where it is incorporated. The company produces over 20-megawatt as measured in the utility-scale providing energy to on an estimated population of about 5.3 million residing in Chicago County. According to the U.S. Department of Energy (2011), the smart grid demonstrates regionally unique projects that are technologically fit and capable of providing services at low cost. The projects contain smart grid business models ranging from different scales, which can be readily adapted and replicated around Chicago County. Beacon Power Company possesses smart grid technologies that have advanced digital technologies that are extremely im perative in planning and operating the electrical power system, which ensures maximum effectiveness of the plan resulting in minimal delays in power supply. Another social significance of the company is occupational health and safety. Beacon Power Company’s construction and maintenance undertakings are always in accordance to regulations set by the occupational safety and health administration. It ensures that it follows recommended guidelines in the process of handling, maintaining, repairing, and even installing its onsite equipments. On top of that, the company involves itself in providing formal training to local police and firefighters in handling emergency issues by helping them in understanding the features of the system (U.S. Department of Energy, 2011). The company has designed system operations that automatically shut down the flywheel in case of any arising malfunction. The company has as well designed a monitoring system with an automatic sensor-based fire alarm t hat instantly indicates accidental loses that mitigate chances of insecurity in terms of fire breakout. Despite the fact that there exist some unavoidable short term negative environmental impacts like air emissions and dust from the construction sites during construction activities of the company, the company ensures that it is environmentally sensitive.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Unlike other energy providing companies that produce electricity using fossil fuel and biomass that emit dangerous gases like carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide gas, and lead, Beacon Power Company uses procedures that are environmentally friendly to produce electricity. According to the U.S. Department of Energy (2011), in areas where use of specific material is essential, the company uses available biodegradable antifreeze materials like percent propylene glycol. The company has gone an extra mile by coming up with solutions to negative environmental impacts that result from construction activities of the company. The company uses best management practices including soil stabilization and watering of exposed soil during the construction process. The presence of flywheel-based frequency regulation reduces significantly the amount of fossil fuel power plant, thus reducing dependence on fossil fuel. Highest risks of failure Beacon Power Corporation Company has been in the public limeligh t for its endeavors as well as some of its failures. The company in most cases ranks among three leading companies in the United States of America questioned for bankruptcy. Beacon has continually depended on the department of energy for loan guarantee programs to keep it moving since it is marred with financial woes. In fact, the company has in numerous occasions, failed to repay loans guaranteed to them by the government, thus falling short of its goals. According to Rugy (2012) in October 2009, â€Å"Beacon Power Corp., an energy-storage company that received $43 million in backing from the 1705 loan program, filed for bankruptcy† (p. 1). Several factors have led to failure of Beacon Company including investing in projects in the open market without government guarantee, as well as investing in projects that were legible to loans, but instead enjoyed loans that were provided by the Department of Energy. Beacon has also failed to prove its commitment in maintaining its publ ic image in terms of its socio-economic impacts. The fall of this company has adversely affected the majority of taxpayers. Serving under a leading company does not guarantee Beacon as risk- free entity. Several projects including Beacon-initiated projects serve under large companies that leave taxpayers in problems whenever there is a failure in the projects as the parent company simply restructures and continues providing other projects. By failing to repay its loans, Beacon set the cost of the investment to taxpayers (Rugy, 2012). As the government extends loan guarantees to high-risk companies, taxpayers in turn carry the burden of any failure. Due to lost trust from the community, Beacon is still on the verge of collapse since citizens no longer have the faith they had in the company before. This aspect will influence its future goals and objectives, leaving the company barely capable of reaching its intended horizon. Mismanagement of funds has led to failure of Beacon Power Co rporation Company. Despite several loan guarantees by the federal government, Beacon has failed to manage its funds effectively by investing in numerous risky projects. According to California Energy Commission (2011), â€Å"some of the loans went to provide capital for high-risk projects, projects likely unable to get financing from the broader market without a government guarantee† (p.143). The company has survived collapsing for three years with the management barely understanding the risks associated with misallocation of capital and labor. This malpractice in management leads to negative impacts since risky projects pass on the losses associated with the company’s failure to the taxpayers. It is absurd that the government continues to support companies like Beacon financially at the expense of the taxpayer’s money. Hence, there is a need for the government to rethink on its loan terms to Beacon Power Corporation Company. The strategies to prevent such failu re Great attention is wanted to address financial issues associated to the fall of Beacon Power Company. Firstly, the company should emphasize on proper use of resources that have cost the company a substantial amount of money to develop rather than excessively depend on loans granted by the federal government. Beacon Power has successfully developed a flywheel network; thus, the company should use it to generate revenue rather than depending on loans. Secondly, the company has a significant advantage over other power generating companies. Since it produces power using environmental friendly procedures, Beacon should take this advantage and extend to international borders to help generate more income that will in turn guarantee them of financial stability. Thirdly, the government should provide financial support to Beacon under strict terms that would act as a source of motivation to enable the company in achieving a broader financial prospect that will assist in its operations. In addition, considerable precautions should be put in place in a bid to overcome mismanagement of funds entrusted into the company. Beacon Power should engage in productive and less risky projects that would assure that the company continues to serve the nation without financial woes. Several changes in management that might prove effective are imperative to restore the company to its initial position. The company should emphasize on expanding beyond boarders by engaging in international energy market to avoid concentrating in the United States. This move will assist in determining if the performance intended projects could differ from one country to another depending on social, economic, and/or environmental issues of the company. The government should bar the company from engaging in malpractice by assisting the company in justifying the effectiveness of projects through comprehensive research covering and other means that might prove significant. Conclusion Green technology compani es have proven significant in recent years by providing clean energy solutions, thus receiving wide public attention. However, in most cases, such companies’ operations come to standstill with the majority not knowing the reasons behind the stagnation and thus such companies â€Å"fall short of their stated goals of developing clean energy and creating jobs† (Rugy, 2012, p.11). Beacon Power Corporation Company is among such companies. Despite the fact that Beacon has been significant in providing some social benefits like creating jobs, enhancing urbanization of regions under its operations, and producing electricity in an environmentally friendly manner, it has somehow failed. The company has in the recent past failed to protect its public image by going bankrupt after engaging in risky projects. Beacon has in numerous cases failed to repay loans guaranteed by the federal government and thus passing on the burden to taxpayers. Therefore, in a bid to address these chal lenges, Beacon Power Corporation should remain cautious on project management and expand to international markets to avoid depending on loans. References California Energy Commission. (2011). 2020 strategic analysis of energy storage in  California. Report on Public Interest Energy Research. Web. Rugy, V. (2012). A guarantee for failure: Government lending under sec. 1705.  Web. U.S. Department of Energy. (2011). Final environmental assessment of the Beacon  Power Corporation flywheel frequency regulation plant. Web. This essay on Risk Management Applications was written and submitted by user Helen Lamb to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

To Kill or Not to Kill Essay Example

To Kill or Not to Kill Essay Example To Kill or Not to Kill Essay To Kill or Not to Kill Essay CAPITAL PUNISHMENT: TO KILL OR NOT TO KILL Student: Dave Cameron Professor: Robert Ashley Class: CAN271FA Law The Citizen The first record of capital punishment in Canada is that of Peter Cartcel, a sailor who murdered Abraham Goodsides, a sailor from another ship, in 1749. Peter Cartcel was found guilty of murder and sentenced to death by hanging. Capital punishment was first implemented in Canada in 1749 when it was under British rule as a British colony. The death penalty was not abolished in Canada until 1976. The last instance of Capital punishment was an execution that took place at Toronto’s Don Jail on December 11, 1962. Arthur Lucas, a man convicted of killing an FBI informant and Ronald Turpin, a petty thief who shot a policeman while fleeing a restaurant robbery, were the last two individuals to be hung in Canada. Over the course of the two centuries that Capital punishment was in use in Canada, 710 individuals were executed. Canada should not re-instate the death penalty for any offences due to the fact that the legal system is still not an exact science and many innocent individuals continue to be wrongfully accused of crimes. There are many disadvantages to Capital punishment and reinstating it would be an egregious error on our nation’s part and we would be taking a step backwards in terms of our civility and humanity. If Canada reinstates the death penalty, there is a possibility that many individuals will be executed for crimes they did not commit. While there are no known cases of wrongful executions in Canada, between the years of 1879 and 1960, 438 death sentences were commuted as a result of newfound evidence etc. Had those 438 death sentences not been commuted, it is possible that 438 innocent Canadian citizens would have been put to death. Despite the fact that there is no evidence of wrongful executions in Canada, there have been many cases of individuals who have been exonerated of their crimes years after they were executed in other nations. One infamous case of wrongful execution occurred in the United States. Claude Jones, a United States citizen, was executed in the year 2000 for murdering liquor storeowner Allen Hilzendager in 1989. In 2007, a DNA test revealed that the strand of hair that was used by the prosecution to convict Claude Jones was actually a strand of hair belonging to the victim, proving Claude Jones’ innocence. Similar to Claude Jones’ proven innocence years after his execution, there have been many wrongful executions in other nations throughout the world. In the United Kingdom, Timothy Evans was found guilty of murdering his wife and daughter in 1950. The serial killer John Christie in fact committed the murders. The police coerced Timothy Evans into a false confession. The police also did not do a proper search of John Christie’s property and failed to find other human remains. Timothy Evans was granted a royal pardon in 1966, however an innocent life had been needlessly taken. Capital punishment was abolished in the United Kingdom partly because of Timothy Evans wrongful execution. If Capital punishment did not exist in these nations, the lives of many innocent men and women would have been spared. Therefore, Capital punishment should not be reinstated in Canada because it is not worth the possibility that innocent Canadians will be put to death for crimes they did not commit. If an individual is wrongfully accused for a crime, incarcerated for life and are exonerated, they can be released and resume their former life. However, a wrongful execution cannot be undone or taken back, it is permanent. It has been proven throughout the history of modern of law, particularly throughout the history of English common law, which is the basis of the Canadian legal system in every province in Canada except for Quebec, a province where they practice Civil law, that 50% of eyewitness testimony is false. Eyewitness testimony is the most influential deciding factor for a Jury during trial and 95-100% of crimes that carry Capital punishment are trails with a Jury. Therefore, there is a very high risk that innocent individuals will be put in jail and sentenced to Capital punishment based on a Jury swayed by false eyewitness testimony. Capital punishment has been used by nearly all nations throughout the world at one point in history. The use of Capital punishment as part of the justice system began with recorded history and it has made many changes and advances over the millennia that it has been in use. To its credit, there have been many movements towards more humane forms of execution, especially throughout the last century. Prisoners are no longer being boiled to death, crucified or impaled, however execution as a form of punishment is still seen as a gruesome act by many countries, including Canada. The more humane forms of execution that have been invented and implemented in modern jails include the electric chair, the gas chamber and lethal injection. These forms of â€Å"humane† execution are used in the United States where Capital punishment is legal. Many societies with Capital punishment ascribe to the Biblical Old Testament form of law, the idea of an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth, where a person who has harmed another should be similarly harmed in retribution. However, if you take an eye for an eye every time someone is wronged, the whole world will go blind. Another disadvantage to Capital punishment is that one of the purposes of jails in modern society is to rehabilitate inmates. Jails do not only exist to protect society from criminals that can harm the innocent, they also have the intention of rehabilitating inmates so that they can rejoin society as healthy, functioning members who can contribute in a meaningful way. There are many different types of rehabilitation programs established in Canadian prisons. One important rehabilitation program gives inmates access to educational services that they did not receive prior to their incarceration for various socio-economic reasons. These educational services allow inmates, who are often lacking basic education, to become literate, receive their General Education Development diploma, participate in vocational education programs, earn College diplomas and earn University degrees. One of the leading causes of crime is poverty, which is often caused by a cycle of illiteracy and a lack of education. Inmates should be given a chance to be educated while serving their sentence so that they can be rehabilitated into society, rather than being executed. When Capital punishment is in place in a nation, no societal progress can be made. Thousands of lives are taken and no change is made, the cycle of crime continues. Another leading cause of crime is drug and alcohol abuse. Many individuals resort to crime to support their expensive drug and alcohol habits and the majority have not received drug treatment prior to their incarceration. Another important rehabilitation program in Canadian prisons is the drug treatment program. Studies have shown that inmates who are required to participate in drug rehabilitation programs combined with therapy show positive results. The purpose of jails is to not only punish criminals, but to rehabilitate them into society. Inmates need to be given a chance to receive the rehabilitation they need, such as drug and alcohol treatment and an education before their lives are taken away. The solution to crime in our society is not Capital punishment. It is finding the source and the root of the crime, such as poverty, lack of education and drug and alcohol abuse and solving these problems and rehabilitating these individuals. Once inmates are successfully rehabilitated the level of crime will greatly diminish and no lives need to be taken in the form of Capital punishment. There are numerous disadvantages to reinstating Capital punishment in Canada, however one of the advantages to Capital punishment is it costs less money to execute a prisoner than to house them for life. In Canada, rather than receiving the death penalty for crimes such as murder, individuals receive 25 years in prison without the possibility of parole for the duration of those 25 years. It is possible that these individuals will remain in prison for the rest of their lives. If the crime is particularly heinous, the prisoner is designated a dangerous offender. This makes the possibility of parole much more difficult to obtain. Prisoners can also be designated long-term offenders. This is less serious than being designated a dangerous offender, however it is still difficult to receive parole. The designation of dangerous offender and long-term offender are made after individuals are convicted. The prisoners only given these designations once they have received a fair trail. Prisoners such as long-term offenders and dangerous offenders who remain in jail for 25 or more years cost Canadian tax payers and the Government an enormous amount of money. One advantage to Capital punishment is it’s financial benefit to the nations that implement it. The annual cost of housing an inmate in Canada can range between $52,000 to $250,000 a year depending on level of security of the facility in which the inmate is being held. Multiply that figure by the 25 years an inmate serves when sentenced to life in prison instead of receiving Capital punishment and the housing of an inmate for life in Canada ranges from $1,300,000 to $6,250,000. It is Canadian taxpayers who pay for the housing of inmates through the Government. However, the financial benefit of killing individuals instead of housing them for life is not worth potentially killing the innocent. There are many advantages and disadvantages to Capital punishment, however it should not be reinstated in Canada. The disadvantages far outweigh the advantages and it is simply not worth the possibility of potentially killing innocent individuals just to save the taxpayers and the Government money. List Jobb, Dean. Bluenose Justice: True Tales of Mischief, Mayhem and Murder. â€Å"First Blood. † (Hantsport, N. S. : Lancelot Press, 1996), pages: 135-40. Napolitano, Angelina. Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online. University of Toronto. 2011. biographi. ca/index-e. html. Web. 9 Jul. 2012. American Psychological Association. â€Å"Inmate Drug Abuse Treatment Slows Prison’s Revolving Door. † American Psychological Association. 2004. apa. org/research/action/aftercare. aspx. Web. 10 Jul. 2012. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. â€Å"Doing The Crime And Doing The Time. † Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 2012. cbc. ca/canadavotes 2006/realitycheck/crimetime. html. Web. 10 Jul. 2012. Center on Wrongful Convictions. Claude Jones. † Northwestern University School of Law. 2006. law. northwestern. edu/cwc/issues/wrongfulexecutions/ txjonescsummary. html. Web. 9 Jul. 2012. Correctional Service Canada. â€Å"Staff Development and the Formation of Curriculum in Prison Education. † Correctional Service Canada. 2012. csc-scc. gc. ca/text/pblct/forum/e031/e031l-eng. shtml. Web. 10 Jul. 2012. Crime Museum. â€Å"Wrongful Execution. † National Museum of Crime and Punishment. 2008. crimemuseum. org/library/execution/wrongfulExecution. html. Web. 9 Jul. 2012. Michael Bromby. Glasgow Caledonian University. â€Å"An Examination of Criminal Jury Directions in Relation to Eyewitness Identification in Commonwealth Jurisdictions. † Glasgow Caledonian University. http://gcal. academia. edu/Michael Bromby/Papers/9952/An_Examination_of_Criminal_Jury_Directions_in_Relation_to_Eyewitness_Identification_in_Commonwealth_Jurisdictions. Web. 10 Jul. 2012. Steven Duke. Yale Law School. â€Å"Eyewitness Testimony Doesn’t Make It True. † Yale Law School. 2006. law. yale. edu/news/2727. htm. Web. 10 Jul. 2012. [ 1 ]. Dean Jobb, â€Å"First Blood,† in Bluenose Justice: True Tales of Mischief, Mayhem and Murder (Hantsport, N. S. : Lancelot Press, 1996), pages: 135-40. [ 2 ]. Dean Jobb, â€Å"First Blood,† in Bluenose Justice: True Tales of Mischief, Mayhem and Murder (Hantsport, N. S. : Lancelot Press, 1996), pages: 135-40. [ 3 ]. Angelina Napolitano. Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online. biographi. ca/index-e. html. Date of access, July 9, 2012. [ 4 ]. Angelina Napolitano. Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online: biographi. ca/index-e. html. Date of access, July 9, 2012. [ 5 ]. Angelina Napolitano. Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online: biographi. ca/index-e. html. Date of access, July 9, 2012. [ 6 ]. Angelina Napolitano. Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online: biographi. ca/index-e. html. Date of access, July 9, 2012. [ 7 ]. Angelina Napolitano. Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online: biographi. ca/index-e. html. Date of access, July 9, 2012. [ 8 ]. Claude Jones, Center on Wrongful Convictions. law. northwestern. edu/cwc/issues/wrongfulexecutions/txjonescsummary. html. Date of access, July 9, 2012. 9 ]. Claude Jones, Center on Wrongful Convictions. law. northwestern. edu/cwc/issues/wrongfulexecutions/txjonescsummary. html. Date of access, July 9, 2012. [ 10 ]. Crime Museum. crimemuseum. org/library/execution/wrongfulExecution. html. Date of access, July 9, 2012. [ 11 ]. Crime Museum. crimemuseum. org/library/execution/wrongfulExecution. html. Date of access, July 9, 2012. [ 12 ]. Crime Museum. crimemuseum. org/library/execution/wrongfulExecutio n. html. Date of access, July 9, 2012. [ 13 ]. Crime Museum.

Top 3 Supreme Court Cases Involving Japanese Internment

Top 3 Supreme Court Cases Involving Japanese Internment During World War II, not only did some Japanese Americans refuse to relocate to internment camps, they also fought federal orders to do so in court. These men rightfully argued that the government depriving them of the right to walk outside at night and live in their own homes violated their civil liberties. After Japan attacked Pearl Harbor on Dec. 7, 1941, the U.S. government  forced more than 110,000 Japanese Americans into detention  camps, but Fred Korematsu, Minoru Yasui, and Gordon Hirabayashi  defied orders. For refusing to do what they’d been told, these courageous men were arrested and jailed. They eventually took their cases to the Supreme Court- and lost.​ Although the Supreme Court would rule in 1954 that the policy of â€Å"separate but equal† violated the Constitution, striking down Jim Crow in the South, it proved incredibly shortsighted in cases related to Japanese  American internment. As a result, Japanese Americans who argued before the high court that curfews and internment infringed upon their civil rights had to wait until the 1980s for vindication. Learn more about these men. Minoru Yasui v. the United States When Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, Minoru Yasui was no ordinary twenty-something. In fact, he had the distinction of being the first Japanese American lawyer admitted to the Oregon Bar. In 1940, he began working for the Consulate General of Japan in Chicago but promptly resigned after Pearl Harbor to return to his native Oregon. Shortly after Yasui’  arrived in Oregon, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066 on Feb. 19, 1942. The order authorized the military to bar Japanese Americans from entering certain regions, to impose curfews on them and to relocate them to internment camps. Yasui deliberately defied the curfew. â€Å"It was my feeling and belief, then and now, that no military authority has the right to subject any United States citizen to any requirement that does not equally apply to all other U.S. citizens,† he explained in the book And Justice For All. For walking the streets past curfew, Yasui was arrested. During his trial at the U.S. District Court in Portland, the presiding judge acknowledged that the curfew order violated the law but decided that Yasui had forsaken his U.S. citizenship by working for the Japanese Consulate and learning the Japanese language. The judge sentenced him to a year in Oregon’s Multnomah County Jail. In 1943, Yasui’s case appeared before the U.S. Supreme Court, which ruled that Yasui was still a U.S. citizen and that the curfew he’d violated was valid. Yasui eventually ended up at an internment camp in Minidoka, Idaho, where he was released in 1944. Four decades would pass before Yasui was exonerated. In the meantime, he would fight for civil rights and engage in activism on behalf of the Japanese American community. Hirabayashi v. the United States Gordon Hirabayashi was a University of Washington student when President Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066. He initially obeyed the order but  after cutting a study session short to avoid violating the curfew, he questioned why he was being singled out in a way  his white classmates were not. Because he considered the curfew to be a violation of his Fifth Amendment rights, Hirabayashi decided to intentionally flout it. â€Å"I was not one of those angry young rebels, looking for a cause,† he said in a 2000 Associated Press interview. â€Å"I was one of those trying to make some sense of this, trying to come up with an explanation.† For defying Executive Order 9066 by missing curfew and failing to report to an internment camp, Hirabayashi was arrested and convicted in 1942. He ended up jailed for two years and did not win his case when it appeared before the Supreme Court. The high court argued that the executive order was not discriminatory because it was a military necessity. Like Yasui, Hirabayashi would have to wait until the 1980s before he saw justice. Despite this blow, Hirabayashi spent the years after World War II getting a master’s degree and a doctorate in sociology from the University of Washington. He went on to a career in academia. Korematsu v. the United States Love motivated Fred Korematsu, a 23-year-old shipyard welder, to defy orders to report to an internment camp. He simply did not want to leave his Italian  American girlfriend and internment would have separated him from her. After his arrest in May 1942 and subsequent conviction for violating military orders, Korematsu fought his case all the way to the Supreme Court. The court, however, sided against him, arguing that race did not factor into the internment of Japanese Americans and that internment was a military necessity. Four decades later, the luck of Korematsu, Yasui, and Hirabayashi changed when legal historian Peter Irons stumbled upon evidence that government officials had withheld several documents from the Supreme Court stating that Japanese Americans posed no military threat to the United States. With this information in hand, Korematsu’s attorneys appeared in 1983 before the U.S. 9th Circuit Court in San Francisco, which vacated his conviction. Yasui’s conviction was overturned in 1984 and Hirabayashi’s conviction was  two years later. In 1988, Congress passed the Civil Liberties Act, which led to a formal government apology for internment and payment to of $20,000 to internment survivors. Yasui died in 1986, Korematsu in 2005 and Hirabayashi in 2012.

Asses the fundamental principles of Jurisprudence in Lumets film Essay

Asses the fundamental principles of Jurisprudence in Lumets film Twelve Angry Men - Essay Example That is until one juror votes â€Å"not guilty† on the grounds that â€Å"it’s possible† that the man is innocent. That one phrase is the key to his argument, which enables him to change the opinions of every other juror in the room and turn a near conviction into an acquittal. The juror, Juror #8, argues that it is not certain that the witnesses were correct in their testimonies. When one of the other jurors argues against him and says that what they are doing isn’t an exact science he replies, â€Å"That’s right, it isn’t†. This juror recognizes the fundamental principles of jurisprudence as it applies to juries in a court of law. He knows that jury deliberation should be approached from a careful perspective and should not stray from that perspective. Juror #8 recognizes that there is an ethical ground by which every member of a jury should adhere to. â€Å"The jury has the right to determine both the law and the facts.†- Samuel Chase (fortunecity.com). This means that the jury is granted the right to weigh the facts of the case and come to a conclusion about what illegal activities have occurred based on those facts, but only those facts. They don’t only have the right to determine the facts. They have the obligation to determine the facts. There can be no straying from the facts. Biases or prejudices cannot interfere with a juror’s decision. The jurors also cannot come to a conclusion that is based only on speculation or a â€Å"leap of faith†. â€Å"Most of em, its like they have no feelings! They can do anything! Whats goin on here? Im trying to tell you were makin a big mistake, you people! This kids a liar! I know it. I know all about them! I mean, whats happenin here? Im speaking my piece†¦,† says Juror #10. The last part of that line speaks volumes about why that particular juror thinks that he knows exactly what happened the night of the murder. He has let his opinion

The feasibility of different techniques for providing fresh water to Research Paper

The feasibility of different techniques for providing fresh water to arid regions of the world - Research Paper Example To make matters worse, the little water received in these areas is usually not safe for domestic, agriculture and commercial use and there an urgent need to provide fresh water. To do so, policy makers explore various fresh water provision techniques as discussed in subsequent sections of this report. 2.0 Fresh water provision techniques In endeavors to provide fresh water to the arid regions of the world, different techniques are employed that include ground water drilling, desalinization and piping techniques. These techniques often vary from those employed in areas where precipitation is high. Therefore, climatic conditions in arid regions dictate to a large extent what technique(s) is most appropriate. Key issues in water provision and water resource management which dictate appropriate techniques will include availability of adequate supply, conservation measures, cost effectiveness, pricing and sustainability. 2.1 Ground Water Drilling Technique Ground water is normally obtaine d from aquifers through drilling and piping the water to the surface for various uses. This technique involves identification of areas in arid regions that have sufficient and quality underground water for agriculture, domestic and commercial use. The technique is more preferred to its low cost of establishment compared to other techniques like desalination. To ensure sustainable use of underground water, policy makers and regulatory authorities establishes water databases through registration of wells and their yields, documenting water composition, control of drilling in all phases and regular monitoring of water table and changes in salinity. However, the challenge with this technique is that over time demand for fresh water has increased both socially and economically requiring more wells to be dug. For example, over the last 3 decades, demand for water within the United Arab Emirates and other Gulf states which are often classified as arid regions, was estimated to increase fro m 4,250Mm3/ year in 1980 to 35,395Mm3/ year by 2010 (Alsharhan et al 2001, 277). Therefore, this means that governments in arid regions have to drill more wells or explore alternative fresh water supply techniques. This water supply technique faces various challenges relating to quality and sustainability. One, underground water may contain dissolved solid substances whose value is above the established norm. Establishing these levels require sophisticated technology which is costly and often not at the disposal of most governments in arid regions. Where levels are higher than the benchmark standard, such wells have to be closed or alternative technologies to reduce the hazardous effects of these particles employed (California Environmental Protection Agency 1995, 5). For example, high fluoride levels are common in arid regions where fluoride levels have to be reduced to the World Health Organization (WHO) to reduce effects of tooth decay and bone weakening. In addition, underground water

William McKinley Essay Example for Free

William McKinley Essay Born on January 29, 1843, William McKinley would later in life grow up to be a very important factor and figure in America’s History. He was born in Niles, Ohio and grew up in Poland, Ohio where him and his family made their life. He was the seventh of eight kids living life like most young boys. He was raised by his father and mother, who instilled in him strong work ethics, respect, honesty, and courtesy and taught him to value prayer. One thing that McKinley valued highly was his education. He attended a school run by Methodist in Poland and upon graduating he went to Alleghany College in Meadville, PA. were he only attended for one term due to financial problems and illness. At the age of 18 when the Civil War started, William joined the Army and enlisted with the Twenty-third Ohio Volunteer Infantry. William was constantly proving himself in this battle. He began to quickly make his way up the ranks. He commissioned to Second Lieutenant and served under Colonel Rutherford B. Hayes and his staff. Throughout his military career, Hayes became William’s mentor. After serving four years William left the Army as a brevet major. After a career in the Army, McKinley went back to Ohio to start his future in politics and law. He finished law school at Albany Law and passed his bar in 1867. Soon after he started his own legal practice in Canton. In 1869, he met Ida Saxton and two years later they would be married and have two daughters. The same year he met his wife was the same year he ran in his first election. It was for county prosecutor and he won. As things started looking up for McKinley, he began to put more focus into his politics rather than his law career. Then in 1876 he ran for Congress and won that election as well. While in Congress he became chair of the House Ways and Means Committee, here he drafted and steered the passage of the McKinley Tariff of 1890. This increased consumer prices and angered the voters, causing McKinley to be rejected and lose the race in 1890. After that he went back to Ohio and ran for governor in 1891, were he won by slight margin. While serving as governor he wanted to lessen and control disagreements between management and labor. With this in mind he developed a system of arbitration that would help settle labor disagreements. With all the negatives that were going on with the economy, McKinley proved he was skilled in his political career. Many even felt his pain and had sympathy for him when his finances suffered during the economic depression of 1893. Many of the voters began to support him again and elected him as governor one more time in 1894. Gaining much popularity and with much experience under his belt it was time for Governor McKinley to run for President. In the Republican presidential nominating convention in 1896, McKinley came out strong as a front-runner. He was very committed to protectionism as a solution to help unemployment and was highly backed by the Republican party and was put on the ballot the first time around. This Republican platform supported protective tariffs. McKinley and the Republicans wanted to restore prosperity and guarantee social order and morality. The Republicans also supported the acquisition of Hawaii, building a canal across Central America, and expanding the Navy, they also supported equal pay for equal work for women, and restricting illiterate immigrants into our lands. McKinley campaigned from his own front porch right in Canton. McKinley campaigned on economic issues which put him ahead of his opposition eventually leading him to win the election by 600,000 votes, this was the largest electoral sweep there had been in twenty-five years. His voters were made up of farmers, urban residents, industrial workers and reformists. From this point until 1932 Republican Party ran the nation. While in office McKinley gain much popularity due to his victories as commander-in-chief of the Spanish American War. He also brought the nation back to economic prosperity. Due to his gaining popularity, McKinley was nominated again in 1900, as the Republican candidate and his vice president would be Theodore Roosevelt. They would campaign for a second time against the Democratic nominee William Jennings Bryan. There were two major issues that McKinley dealt with as President: tariff and bimetallism (this had to do with the money system). He made an agreement that silver and gold would be acceptable backing for big European currencies in countries such as England, France, Russia and Italy. This plan failed so McKinley wanted gold based currency and in 1900, he signed and passed the Gold Standard Act, which would place U. S. money on a gold standard, so it was fully backed by gold and each ounce was worth $20. 67. Another affair McKinley dealt with was tariff. He wanted to increase the tariff to reduce internal taxes and encourage expansion of industry and employment. He also dealt with race issues, labor issues at home. Over seas he dealt with the trying to expand overseas, the Spanish-American War, Open Door Trade Policy in China and the Boxer Rebellion. On September 6, 1901, while greeting the public, McKinley was shot in the chest by Leon F. Czolgosz who was from Detroit and an unemployed mill worker. He was rushed to the hospital and was said to be in recovery but Gangrene set in and he died on September 14, 1901.

agape love :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hair Pulling on your hair with a brush, blow drying it, and using a flatiron to straighten curls can cause split ends, excess dryness, frizziness and breakage. To help your hair you should deep condition at least twice a month to moisturize and banish frizz. Short hair is healthier because you’re constantly cutting off the split ends. Cropped cuts also keep you hair from knotting and tangling. Turning tresses brown is definitely easier on your hair than becoming a blond. Hair needs time between treatments to recover and regain its natural oils. When you chemically straighten you hair wait at least six weeks before hitting the color bottle. The day before your dye job do a protein rich conditioning treatment to heal the hair cuticle. When you perm your hair hold off on the permeant color for six weeks. But you only need to wait two days before using a semi permeant color since they have lower ammonia levels and have no bleach. When you hate your new dye job, before you head back to the salon. Try using a semi permanent rinse, which you can do immediately. If your still unhappy wait for the semi permanent color to fade before going for a new dye job. Keep in mind that you might just need a few days to get used to your new hue. Why is it that 90% of hair products seem to be created to make your hair do the opposite of what it does naturally? We think everyone’s hair can be beautiful without all the fuss, including the pin straight variety. Its sophisticated, sleek and down right sexy. So whether you have bangs, a blunt cut, soft layers, or all one length style, unplug your hot rollers and embrace your kink free destiny. Straight hair really shows of the cut, so find a stylist you trust and get trims often. If you need help keeping your amazing cut smooth, rub in teeny bit of light stylist cream. And because this type of hair usually tends to shine on its own, you can skip the glossy sprays. Chances are, you already look like you belong in a shampoo commer cial. You may not believe it, but fine hair has many enviable qualities. For one thing, its the softest and silkiest in the world. For another, it dries in a flash. WE have one warning though, each strand is fragile, so you’ve got to be careful.

Marketing Excellence: BMW Essay

? 1. What are the pros and cons to BMW’s selective target marketing? What has the firm done well over the years and where could it improve? When I see someone riding in a BMW, I know that they must be making good money. The stereotype for people who drive BMW’s is that they are rich, and these are the people that the people over at BMW target. The pros to targeting the higher income population is that they will be targeting people who are more likely to purchase their product. Since BMW is known as a luxury car, people who have lower incomes are less likely to purchase from them. The cons to the selective marketing are that by not advertising to lower income people, they have nothing to be motivated for. Someone could see a BMW ad, and be motivated to one day own one. Since the market is specifically the wealthier incomes, the lower income population may not be as aware of BMW. I see commercials for Mercedes all of the time now, and I know that I can’t afford one yet. As soon as I’m able too, I plan on making it a priority to purchase a Mercedes. The firm has done a great job of improving its vehicles over the years. They have added so many electronic features to its cars to stay up to date with technology. BMW also has come out with high-performance SUV’s for people with larger families and who are more active. To improve, I would suggest that they maybe create a model for the lower income population. Considering the majority of the population is middle-class or lower, there is a whole untapped market for BMW to reach. 2. BMW’s sales slipped during the worldwide recession in 2008 and 2009. Is its segmentation strategy too selective? Why or why not? I would say that their strategy is not too selective. During the recession, everybody struggled. So to blame BMW for their strategy that had made them so successful in the first place would not be fair. I believe that their strategy could’ve actually helped them during that time. Since BMW is so selective, they are only targeting people that have money anyways. So money that they spend on advertising wasn’t necessarily being wasted.

Poem Analysis on “Out, Out-, ” by Robert Frost Essay

My emotions toward this poem are depressed, forlorn, and melancholy. In â€Å"’Out, Out-,’†, a young boy is at work about to go to dinner when suddenly the saw cuts off his hand. A boy his age shouldn’t have to die doing a man’s job. Work back then had unimaginable conditions that made you want to cry. The line that struck out at me the most was â€Å"Don’t let him cut my hand off- The, When he comes. Don’t let him sister!† So. But the hand was already gone. This made my whole body convulse at the thought of his hand being cut off and eventually causing his death. When breaking down the poem, I realized he used repetition of the words â€Å"snarled and rattled†. For me it created an ominous and almost foreshadowing affect. The working condition was not up to par, and Frost shows this by the line â€Å"And they, since they were not the one dead, turned to their affairs.† This shows how people acted towards children working and that anything can happen. It also produced a personification because a saw doesn’t answer to when being called to supper, nor can it leap. â€Å"His sister stood beside him in her apron To tell them ‘Supper.’ At the word, the saw, As if to prove saws know what supper meant, Leaped out at the boy’s hand, or seemed to leap— He must have given the hand.† Frost uses emotionally filled words in this poem. That must mean that he was attached to it emotionally and personally. I did some background research and it is possible that he based it off of his neighbor’s son, Raymond Fitzgerald who cut off his hand with a saw and bled until he went into shock, causing heart failure. People either were not aware of the conditions back then, or they did and couldn’t do anything about it because they needed the money. In that time period, everyone in the family had to contribute to survive. I believe he was also making a statement towards the government for not making regulations on the age  requirement of eligibility to work.

Stem Cell Research Outline Essays

Stem Cell Research Outline Essays Stem Cell Research Outline Essay Stem Cell Research Outline Essay Playing God a. Human Cloning b. Helping humans live longer c. Can overpopulate society. Positive side of Stem Cell Research 1 . Cure/treat diseases a. Parkinson b. Alchemies c. Heart diseases d. Birth defects e. Spinal core Injuries f. Can play major roll in cancer g. Grow back small parts of body a. Primary source a. I. No longer baby embryos (futures) a. Ii. Adult Stem Cells a. Iii. Neural Stem Cells a. Iv. Cord Blood Stem Cells 3. Embryonic Stem Cells . Ability to become majority of tissue and organ cells b. Have a less chance of rejection c. Some argue it is better that fetus goes to better use Conclusion Just like any other agenda they both have their pros and cons, but it is our Job as a society to educate ourselves which of the two sides we stand on. Will we support the strive for new cures for heart disease, cancer, and various other diseases and be able to change lives. Or will we stand in and view the morality aspect and how baby futures, and lab grown futures to be able to obtain these stem cells. I leave it up for you to decide.

A Self-Reflection on My Lack of Success Regarding the English II Class

A Self-Reflection on My Lack of Success Regarding the English II Class Self Reflection When I first entered English II, I was extremely unconfident of what was to become of myself and my progress in the next level of the subject. I had left English last year reaching an â€Å"A-â€Å" after climbing strenuously up the â€Å"grade ladder† from a â€Å"C-â€Å". I knew English to me was a shaky subject, and the more challenging obstacles of English II had not failed to seem rather intimidating. The obstacles to which I had to face were not only academic, but also social. Do not think that I am the kind of person who clings to people or depends on needing to be with specific people in order to succeed. However, it was rather difficult not having any friends while enduring in a demanding subject—well, at least in my case. I can say I felt isolated during English II, while in English I had many friends in which I had met before or greatly acquainted with. Now did I realize that not having any friends in my English class was not detrimental, yet actually be neficial, since I was provided less to no distraction. Despite my occasional missing of homework—which I apologize for—I felt I succeeded in focusing more on learning how to become more successful at English, especially my essay writing. Who would have known that in English I, my best score on a paper was a â€Å"60†; while in English II, my best score was a â€Å"93†? I made many mistakes in English II I wish I had not, but I knew from the very moment I got an â€Å"89† on my first critical analysis paper of sophomore year that I was actually doing something right. Speaking of my first analysis paper, â€Å"Discrimination: Intolerance Towards Tolerance† was ultimately the first major milestone of my English class progress—I never considered anything I wrote in English I to be of any importance. I knew all of my knowledge of my past mistakes and the basics Mrs. Mastrobattisto taught me in the first couple of weeks would guide me into succeeding with the first of grueling tasks of English II. The main things I learned in order to make this paper a success were two things: relevant quotations and drafts. Relevant quotations were a must in this paper, as there were many meaningful quotes in To Kill a Mockingbird, yet only a handful of relevant ones that could be used to support my ideas. The other big concept was drafts. I wrote many drafts over a week—I think at least three. Each time my paper was shaped into even a better form than the last. This I had never done in English I. This paper meant a lot to me as it was the first sign of improvement since English I and gave me hope for the rest of the year. My first analysis paper had been written with my better understanding of essay structure, but the raw knowledge of how to write could not be better displayed than in my first written piece of the year, the First Common Assessment on summer reading. This piece shows the extent of ability of how I could write based on what I learned from English I. And let me tell you, I was shocked to see anything above a â€Å"C†. I felt extremely anxious writing this piece at the time; probably due to the fact that I had to trace back information from a book I read five weeks earlier or that I was being timed. One of my main weaknesses was writing timed pieces, as I always tried to display my ideas with â€Å"sophisticated word choice and smooth transitions† and other material that would impress my teacher. But as it seemed, it took too long to process and overcomplicate ideas, which ended up in hasty endings and poor analyses. I certainly succeeded with â€Å"exceptional awareness of purpose and voice† but paid the price with adequate support/insight and errors in usage/grammar. After writing this paper, I learned not to over compensate my ideas with fancy writing and to put down the main ideas and analyses for timed essays, and to leave the really nice writing for home, where I can write for as long as I want. This experience aided me later on when I soon encountered test essays. When one thinks of critical analysis papers, one usually recollects a sense of difficulty and stress. I thought critical analysis papers to be â€Å"long-term assignments given with generous amounts time to complete and easily achieved with handy resources.† However, it there was anything harder to write than such a paper, it was a test essay. Test essays were the stones on the path to academic success on which you can trip and fall. Test essays acted as miniature analysis papers with no availability of resources—just whatever you studied the night before. For example, my essay for my test on To Kill a Mockingbird was a bomb. Not only had I made worse mistakes than on the First Common Assessment, but I didn’t finish to complete the last two paragraphs—including the conclusion. No way was I able to fully analyze and collect my thoughts into a clearly written essay at the time. As I said before, timed pieces are my weakness. Yet, practice with this type of p iece would further strengthen my ability to write such pieces later on. The most important thing stressed in sophomore year is to pass the CAPT. That seemed like a lot of stress. And practicing for it made it seem even more intense. I never understood the boundaries of writing for an essay, in which case how much is too little or too much. Too little writing may cost points for inadequate analysis, while too much writing meant points off for information that may seem irrelevant or incorrect. To me, I felt that when I practiced the CAPT questions, I felt like I never wrote enough. The enigma is that the questions are the most basic, yet call for deeply thought-out and organized ideas/answers. It being timed did not matter to me for this occasion, but the spaces given were quite deceiving. One wants to use as much space as possible, yet condense the ideas to fit yet add everything necessary. I never felt confident in my answers because I could never balance things out, either the filling of space or putting in the detail with not much space. Hopefully I ca n work on that in the future. Most of which I have written was mostly negative. That is due to the fact that it took the whole year for me to mature in my writing, and in that fact I felt unashamed. I was rather joyous on how everything I learned from Mrs. Mastrobattisto’s class, my corrected errors, and newly found confidence collided into a tangible energy that I was able to possess in order to write my most recent essay, my Night Memoir. My organization of ideas, word structure, and descriptions led to the pinnacle of my English class progress. It was truly a feat, as it was my first paper to break the â€Å"90† grade barrier. I realized from this successful piece that I created better pieces out of the true focus and experience on which I applied to this paper. This assignment was truly my favorite, since it allowed me to reminisce on paper an event that changed my life, yet also apply my new skills as a writer at the same time. After having written this piece, I feel I can take on whatever Engl ish III throws at me. English II was indeed a time of failure, resilience, success. What I had done terribly in the past I have put behind me. The failing papers and countless corrections on them seem like a distant memory. I cannot say I have become perfect at writing—far from it. But I know that I have come a long way since the beginning of the school year. What was once the anxious new sophomore is now the more confident sophomore ready to end the year. I am glad for every mistake and correction I’ve made this year. I’ve seen the worst of my writing, but I look forward to see the best I can become. I owe my improvement to my English II teacher, Mrs. Mastrobattisto. Without her, I would be still a fledging writer who would never know how to write a more decent paper. I never minded her tough grading, as it was that that pushed me to improve on my skill, and let be known that my efforts did not go in vain. And although I remain isolated this year and will be next year, I fiercely int end to continue to grow and mature in the hopes of becoming proficient in what I have come to respect, the English language.

What is the Threat to the US from North Korea Assignment

What is the Threat to the US from North Korea - Assignment Example Due to this conflict, it is feared that North Korea may be planning to attack the United States directly or indirectly through its everyday developing nuclear program. One of the main threats to the United States from North Korea is that North Korea might soon become capable enough of developing nuclear weapons that can be used against the United States and its allies. North Korea and South Korea have been in continuous conflict over the issue of Korean Peninsula and United States has tried to help South Korea as South Korea is an ally of United States (U.S. Department of State, 2014). The threat is that if North Korea develops nuclear weapons, it may directly attack the South in order to solve and gain victory on the dispute of Korean Peninsula. If North Korea attacks the South, there is the huge possibility of a World War consisting of the use of nuclear weapons taking place. A World War may erupt because the US being friends with the South may help the South, while on the other ha nd China being an ally of North Korea may try to defend them (Schneider, 2014). The United States already owes a huge debt to China and China has the ability to completely destroy the United States and due to this United States may not be able to assist the South in order to protect its own nation. The United States has been fighting the war for peace and the war against terrorism for several years. Due to these several nations such as Afghanistan and militants living in those nations are quite angry with the United States. One reason due to which the United States has an upper hand over the extremist terrorist group is that these terrorist groups do not control nuclear weapons. If North Korea is able to develop its own nuclear weapons, then there is a possibility that North Korea may supply these weapons to the terrorist organizations and the terrorist organizations will then have the ability to attack the United States with nuclear weapons (Snyder, 2013). North Korea is kind of an isolated region which blindly trusts its government and is ready to take any action that may be commanded by their government.  Ã‚  

Spartan Women Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Spartan Women - Term Paper Example This paper aims to analyze the historical, social and economic perspectives of Spartan rituals, practices and laws to prove that apparently the Spartan woman seems to have achieved a significant level of accomplishment maintaining their status equal if not higher to that of men, but a closer scrutiny of the same laws and other coherent practices imply that a woman`s status in Sparta is not a reflection of modernization but a reflection of the need of that time. Nonetheless some of the practices reveal the iniquitous practices imposed on woman even in the age of Spartan woman enlightenment. The paper will be divided into three sections, the first section will address the prevalent conditions of Sparta in that century and the apparent socio-political system dominating the state`s apparatus during that era, the second section will deal with various laws favoring woman which were enacted at that time along with a critical analysis of all those laws per se, and the third section will aim at analyzing the dire criticism woman enlightenment has to face in the context of downfall of Sparta. Sparta was the Greek city state of Peloponnesus which was created as an attempt to formulate a Hellenic society with a strong virtue. The historic moment that led to a drastic change in the constitution of this state was its victory over a small territory named Messenia. The ulterior motives behind the conquest for this territory are still unknown, as Cartledge (1981) puts it, but the results were definitely very productive. There were two major milestones that were achieved by Spartans at that time; firstly, they acquired a highly fertile piece of land suitable for agricultural practices and, the second achievement was a hold over an incarcerated labor force which was attained as a result of enslavement (Hanssen 2007). Thus, now it becomes crucial to analyze the social and political implications of war and

CR2009 PSYCHOLOGY AND CRIME Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

CR2009 PSYCHOLOGY AND CRIME - Essay Example Criminal profiling is used by law enforcement officials like the police among other investigative agencies around the globe, to predict the nature of the criminals that they are encountering. This process has continued to be used, irrespective of the fact that there is a lack of solid empirical/ scientific evidence which is valid, reliable and useful to show that the method really works and provides factual information (Snook et al., 2007). The information gap between the usage of the process and the lack of supportive evidence leads any sensible person to one main question. This question is: â€Å"why do many people, among them specialists in criminology and law enforcement believes that criminal profiling works, irrespective of the fact that there is a lack of solid evidence to show that the process is productive. Towards addressing this information gap, this report will assess the extent, to which offender profiling informs policing and investigations, through examining the illus ion of offender profiling. The criminal profiling illusion will be explored from the point of view of the nature of the criminal profiling information delivered to people, and the varied ways in which they process the information supplied. The assembly of the profile of an unknown criminal ordinarily, takes place in three phases (Hicks and Sales, 2006). The first phase in the process is the collection of crime scene evidence (data) by police or other law enforcement officials; the information collected can be in different forms, including detective accounts, photographs and autopsy reports. The data collected is then sent to a criminal profiler, who uses it to make predictions about the behavioural, personality and the demographic characteristics of the criminal involved in the given crime. The predictions about the nature of the criminal are then sent back to the officers investigating the crime. Despite the fact

Michel Foucaults Theory of the City

Michel Foucaults Theory of the City In this essay I will discuss and plain how the city is represented as place of power and surveillance, using Michel Foucaults ‘the means of correct training in his discipline and punish (1977) and the film 28 weeks later where I will pick four scenes from the film. I will discuss and explain how the film deals with the notions of institutional and private rights, how visual design might represent notions of surveillance and oppression through (space, colours juxtapositions, and characters); and finally, how the city is represented through various ways of looking/imaging. The shift to consumerist city has marked changes in the surveillance and control of urban space through an innumerable technologies and moral practice. These type of change happed as cities tries to rebrand and remarket themselves within local regions nationally and internationally in order to compete with the current capital investment markets. Visual politics of the street underpins changes in urban and its governance, thereby creating risk- taking business that focuses on creating visually pleasing spaces via architecture to regulate to practices surveillance not only in urban spaces but also in suburbs places. canary wharf can be seen as primary example of this panopticon described in Michel Foucault discipline and punish in the means of correct training. In his book he describe panopticon as all round the clock functioning surveillance machine which is designed to insure that no prisoner could ever see the inspector who conduct the surveillance from his control room to the radial (central location within the radial configuration). Hi goes on saying. The prisoner could never know when he was being surveyed in the instant of the scene in 28 weeks later where the commanding officers ware surveying on the survivors by using machine guns at night time or in the instant the ware the architecture of the building /faà §ade was designed with glass, which in this case the inspector had a full control and awareness of the activities conducted by not only the survivors but also the survivors were aware of the presence of the commanding forces around them. There individual rights at this stage. could be manipulated and cause destruction for the institutional powers. I will feather explore this scenario as I progress feather is this assay. In the same time considering the survivors were aware of been watched at all times, the mental uncertainty and the anxiety of been quoted doing anything against the set up rules in itself enough to discipline them. Due to high effect of ponopticon in the film were the survivors are injected with this state of mind that surveillance is present at all times and that automatic full functioning power is around the clock, and no uncharacterized behaviors will be tolerated. In this instant, the survivors are caught up in a power situation of which they are themselves the bearers. To achieve this, it is at once too much and too little that the survivors are constantly watched by a CCTV cameras and commanding forces, to the extent that the survivor is aware of been watched but in the same time there is no need for him or her to be observed. In such Circumstances Bentham laid down the following principle that â€Å"power should be visible and unverifiable. † he went in saying visible that the inmate /patient will constantly have before them the central tower in front of them/ (control room in the instant of the 28 weeks later film) which there spied upon, and unverifiable that the inmate/patience or the survivors under no Circumstances should he/she know whether is been watched, but he must know he may always be so. But in the 28 weeks later film from the scene nine where the commanding forces from the top unit were surveying on the survivors at nig ht time. In this scene we see how surveillance is conducted without the knowledge of survivors. One sees everything without been seen. In this scenario we see the same principles been mentioned in bentham book in panopticism been repeated in the film Where the commanding forces where using high tech machine guns and CCTV cameras to insure all the people were where they were supposed to be and insuring orders were kept at all times. With the aid mordern of architecture power could be exercised to its fullest effect and individual rights were at no place to question the institutional power. Putting into consideration the main location where the power was enforced and practiced was in canary wharf, one can clearly see how power is immediately portrayed without even questioning the forerunners aim. (Scene seven) Bentham goes on saying â€Å"the Panopticon is a machine for dissociating the see/being seen dyad: in the peripheric ring, one is totally seen, without ever seeing; in the central tower, one sees everything without ever being seen†. He continue saying â€Å"it is an important mechanism for optimizing and disindvidualising power.† Here we see Bentham say panopticon is not a bad thing when is used for the right reasons; he give examples of the usefulness of the panopticonhe says â€Å"it makes it possible to draw up differences among patients and also to observe symptoms of each individual, in education it make it possible to observe performances. And among workers† it makes it possible to note the aptitudes of each worker, compare the time he takes to perform a task. â€Å"But the Panopticon was also a laboratory; it could be used as a machine to carry out experiments, to alter behavior, to train or correct individuals. To experiment with medicines and monitor their effects. To try out different punishments on prisoners, according to their crimes and character, and to seek the most effective ones.† Power is not the activity or the subject of knowledge that creates main parts of knowledge that opposes power, but is the power- knowledge and the struggles of those who goes through it determines the forms and possible domains of knowledge. http://cartome.org/foucault.htm which in the film when Andys mum was found had to be put under strict surveillance to prevent out-break of the virus but then when individual and institutional power are combined as seen in scene fourteen one of the power either for the individual or institution surfers severely or in most cases they both do. Conclusion in the reading of Michel Foucault discipline and punish; and in the film 28 weeks later one can draw many conclusion on how surveillance and institutional powers are conducted and how the city is viewed as a place of power. But in the same time we see when individual power and rights are exercised simultaneously cause severe consequences ; for example in scene 1,. Especially when Tammy and Andy decided to go to their old home to collect some of their possession here we see Tammy and Andy wanted to be free, they wanted to something that would remind them of their mother but under the rules set in the comp they were not permitted to leave the premises. As a result they rebelled and consequently brought back the virus in the camp and the end result most the survivors were exterminated, infected by the virus and the only survivors left in the whole city were them. My point is power should only be exercised when knowledge lead and it should be exercised by one part at a time to avoid coll ision. References Joe Kerr, Andrew Gibson, London from punk to Blair http://books.google.co.uk: city watch, 131-13, M. Foucault, 1977, Discipline and punishment, means of correct training, France: Gallimard Richard J. Williams. (2004). the anxious city. US andCanada, English urbanism in the late twentieth century. the anxious city 1, 10-19 http://cartome.org/foucault.htm