World War I The War That Ended All Wars - 1063 Words

World War I Tristan Mahler Mrs. Charf U.S. History December 1 2014 Why World War I World War I known as the war that ended all wars. The war took place between 1914 and 1918. World war one was inevitable, the whole world was at each other’s throats. Most countries were brought into the war because of the alliances they had with each other. World War 1 happened for many reasons but its main causes were Germany beginning militarism, nationalism, countries being drawn into war by their alliances, and the trigger which is the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand. Germany begins militarism was the very first mistake, and many other nations also begin militarism during the year 1914. Other countries began to build up arms out of fear that Germany would attack. It wasn’t that the nations building up their arms caused them to go to war. The generals of each country were constantly pressuring their leaders to demand increases in the security spending. They contributed to the mood of the war. The generals would constantly draw and bring up war plans. They would say these were the solutions to the country’s political problems. The militaristic culture was strongest in Germany, the German army was formed in old Prussia by the Junkers. A small but authoritative group of Prussian aristocrats. Germany elected a parliament, he did almost nothing in the say in military matters. In many ways the German military only acted as a part of the government, instead of them being aShow MoreRelatedThe United States During World War I1506 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States during World War I extended their â€Å"military, economic, and/or political control† to other weaker countries like, Hawaii, Cuba, Guam, and Puerto Rico. They were following the policy of Imperialism.1 Imperialism allows for nations to be able to trade with one another and businesses preferred it because it helped the United States economy. Nationalism is when the people of a nation are under one government and this played a key factor in starting world war one. There was tension betweenRead MoreResults of World War 1772 Words   |  4 PagesWorld War I - Results The First World War â€Å"ended† in 1918 in November, when the Treaty of Versailles was signed to create an armistice. Though this treaty became active on that day for Western Europe, this treaty did not take effect in Eastern Europe until up to mid-1920s. Political, cultural, and social order was changed immensely in Europe, Asia, and Africa, even countries not directly in the war. As a result of the damages from the war, many new countries were formed. Also, millions of peopleRead MoreWar I And World War II1392 Words   |  6 Pagesdescription of the mindset during both World War 1 and World War 2. There are many aspects of war that can be compared and contrasted. I am going to compare and contrast World War 1 and World War 2. I will explain how they started, what happened or changed during both, and how they ended. War begins with a conflict, sometimes it can be avoidable but for both of the World Wars, I think they were unstoppable. â€Å"Though it was not the bloodiest nor most prolonged war in history, nor strictly, as it wasRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb On The World War II887 Words   |  4 Pagesof Hiroshima and Nagasaki. I completely agree with President Truman’s decision to drop the atomic bomb on the two Japanese cities because I believe it is the main reason that ended World War II. Being from Malaysia, my grandparents often told me stories of their sufferings during World War II. As Singapore’s former Prime Minister concurred, the Japanese soldiers were mean, brutal and vicious towards the civilians, and if the atomic bombs were not dropped to end the war, hundreds of thousands of civiliansRead MoreWas World War II Inevitable?1042 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Was World War II Inevitable? For quite a number of reasons, World War II was largely inevitable. In this text, I will take into consideration some arguments that have been presented in the past in an attempt to demonstrate the inevitability of the Second World War. These arguments range from the creation of the Treaty of Versailles to the conditions imposed on Germany to nationalistic issues. Many historians consider Germans invasion into Poland the official commencement date of the Second WorldRead MoreEssay on Effect of World War I on The United States927 Words   |  4 PagesWorld War I began in 1914 as a result of several things including alliances and nationalism throughout the world, and imperialistic nations attempting to gain more global power. The United States tried to stay with the foreign policy known as isolationism and stay completely out of the war. However, due to Germany’s severe actions, America was forced to enter the war in 1917 on the side of the Allies. This greatly helped the Al lies in accomplishing a victory. The war ended in 1919 although thereRead MoreThe World War I Started934 Words   |  4 PagesWorld War I began in 1914 and ended 5 years later in 1919. World War II began decades later in 1939 and ended 6 years later in 1945. World War I began when nationalism rose. When nationalism was on the rise they thought it would increase loyalty in the country. Instead of loyalty, people began to want more power. Archduke Ferdinand was the leader of Hungary. He was assassinated by a Serbian terrorist and this later lead to World War I. World War II began because they fought to defeat complete controlRead MoreThe Boxer And The Battle Of The Qing Dynasty942 Words   |  4 PagesAn uprising that occurred in 1911 to the Qing Dynasty that ended the dynasty, making China become republic during the year 1912; the Boxer Rebellion had weakened the dynasty. The Boxer Protocol of September 1901 protecting Beijing and all officials of both Chinese government and Boxe r were to be charged with the uprising. The boxer rebellion ended those terms. In 1900 a Chinese secret organization known as the Society of the Righteous and Harmonious Fists created a revolution toward the spread ofRead MoreCauses of World War I Essay1167 Words   |  5 Pagesevents happens to be World War I, which was evoked by many different causes. The most significant and immediate causes of this catastrophe was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife, Sophie. Numerous nations were involved in this war, and two examples of opposing forces are Germany and Russia. World War I was resolved to an extent with the Treaty of Versailles, but it was not entirely settled. This is clear because World War II was a result of World War I. The assassinationRead MoreEffects Of Spanish American War On U. S1734 Words   |  7 PagesEffects of Spanish-American War on U. S. A. The Spanish-American war occurred in 1898 between the United States and Spain where the U. S. interrupted Cuba’s struggle for independence which resulted into the Philippine revolution. Some historians explain that the war publicized by the Hearst and Pulitzer newspapers which blame the sinking of the ship U. S. Maine on Spain, which had been sent to protect America’s interest and Americans living there. There was rising pressure on Congress to push the

Mankiw Chapter 1 Solution Free Essays

The answers to the Quick Quizzes can also be found near the end of the textbook. 1. The four principles of economic decision making are: (1) people face trade-offs; (2) the cost of something is what you give up to get it; (3) rational people think at the margin; and (4) people respond to incentives. We will write a custom essay sample on Mankiw Chapter 1 Solution or any similar topic only for you Order Now People face trade-offs because to get one thing that they like, they usually have to give up another thing that they like. The cost of something is what you give up to get it, not just in terms of monetary costs but all opportunity costs.Rational people think at the margin by taking an action if and only if the marginal benefit exceeds the marginal cost. People respond to incentives because they choose activities by comparing benefits to costs; therefore, a change in these benefits or costs may cause their behavior to change. The three principles concerning people’s economic interactions are: (1) trade can make everyone better off; (2) markets are usually a good way to organize economic activity; and (3) governments can sometimes improve market outcomes.Trade can make everyone better off because it allows countries to specialize in what they do best and to enjoy a wider variety of goods and services. Markets are usually a good way to organize economic activity because the invisible hand leads markets to desirable outcomes. Governments can sometimes improve market outcomes because markets may fail to allocate resources efficiently due to an externality or market power.The three principles that describe how the economy as a whole works are: (1) a country’s standard of living depends on its ability to produce goods and se rvices; (2) prices rise when the government prints too much money; and (3) society faces a shortrun trade-off between inflation and unemployment. A country’s standard of living depends largely on the productivity of its workers, which in turn depends on the education of its workers and the access its workers have to the necessary tools and technology. Prices rise when the government prints too much money because more money in circulation reduces the value of money, causing inflation.Society faces a short-run trade-off between inflation and unemployment that is only temporary. Policymakers have some short-term ability to exploit this relationship using various policy instruments. 2. 3. Questions for Review 1. Examples of trade-offs include time trade-offs (such as studying one subject over another or studying at all compared to engaging in social activities) and spending tradeoffs (such as whether to use your last 15 dollars to purchase a pizza or to buy a study guide for that tough economics course). The opportunity cost of seeing a movie includes the monetary cost of admission plus the time cost of going to the theater and attending the show. The time cost depends on what else you might do with that time; if it is staying home and watching TV, the time cost may be small, but if it is working an extra three hours at your job, the time cost is the money you could have earned. The marginal benefit of a glass of water depends on your circumstances. If you have just 2. 3. Chapter 1/Ten Principles of Economics 2 un a marathon or you have been walking in the desert sun for three hours, the marginal benefit is very high. But if you have been drinking a lot of liquids recently, the marginal benefit is quite low. The point is that even the necessities of life, like water, do not always have large marginal benefits. 4. Policymakers need to think about incentives so they can understand how people will respond to the policies they put in place. The text’s example of seat belt laws shows that policy actions can have unintended consequences.If incentives matter a lot, they may lead to a very different type of policy; for example, some economists have suggested putting knives in steering columns so that people will drive much more carefully! While this suggestion is silly, it highlights the importance of incentives. Trade among countries is not a game with some losers and some winners because trade can make everyone better off. By allowing specialization, trade between people and trade between countries can improve everyone’s welfare. The â€Å"invisible hand† of the marketplace represents the idea that even though individuals and firms are all acting in their own self-interest, prices and the marketplace guide them to do what is good for society as a whole. The two main causes of market failure are externalities and market power. An externality is the impact of one person’s actions on the well-being of a bystander, such as from pollution or the creation of knowledge. Market power refers to the ability of a single person (or small group of people) to unduly influence market prices, such as in a town with only one well or only one cable television company.In addition, a market economy also leads to an unequal distribution of income. Productivity is important because a country’s standard of living depends on its ability to produce goods and services. The greater a country’s productivity (the amount of goods and services produced from each hour of a worker’s time), the greater its s tandard of living will be. Inflation is an increase in the overall level of prices in the economy. Inflation is caused by increases in the quantity of a nation’s money.Inflation and unemployment are negatively related in the short run. Thus, reducing inflation entails costs to society in the form of higher unemployment in the short run. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Problems and Applications 1. a. A family deciding whether to buy a new car faces a trade-off between the cost of the car and other things they might want to buy. For example, buying the car might mean they must give up going on vacation for the next two years. So the real cost of the car is the family’s opportunity cost in terms of what they must give up.For a member of Congress deciding whether to increase spending on national parks, the trade-off is between parks and other spending items or tax cuts. If more money goes into the park system, that may mean less spending on national defense or on the police force. Or, instead of spending more money on the park system, taxes could be reduced. b. Chapter 1/Ten Principles of Economics c. 3 When a company president decides whether to open a new factory, the decision is based on whether the new factory will increase the firm’s profits compared to other alternatives. For example, the company could upgrade existing equipment or expand existing factories. The bottom line is: Which method of expanding production will increase profit the most? In deciding how much to prepare for class, a professor faces a trade-off between the value of improving the quality of the lecture compared to other things she could do with her time, such as working on additional research. d. 2. When the benefits of something are psychological, such as going on a vacation, it is not easy to compare benefits to costs to determine if it is worth doing.But there are two ways to think about the benefits. One is to compare the vacation with what you would do in its place. If you did not go on vacation, would you buy something like a new set of golf clubs? Then you can decide if you would rather have the new clubs or the vacation. A second way is to think about how hard you had to work to earn the money to pay for the vacation. You can then decide if the psychological benefits of the vacation were worth the psychological cost of working.If you are thinking of going skiing instead of working at your part-time job, the cost of skiing includes its monetary and time costs, which includes the opportunity cost of the wages you are giving up by not working. If the choice is between skiing and going to the library to study, then the cost of skiing is its monetary and time costs including the cost of getting lower grades in your courses. If you spend $100 now instead of saving it for a year and earning 5 percent interest, you are giving up the opportunity to spend $105 a year from now.The fact that you have already sunk $5 million is not relevant to your decis ion anymore, because that money is gone. What matters now is the chance to earn profits at the margin. If you spend another $1 million and can generate sales of $3 million, you’ll earn $2 million in marginal profit, so you should do so. You are right to think that the project has lost a total of $3 million ($6 million in costs and only $3 million in revenue) and you should not have started it. That is true, but if you do not spend the additional $1 million, you will not have any sales and your losses will be $5 million.So what matters is not the total profit, but the profit you can earn at the margin. In fact, you wouldd pay up to $3 million to complete development; any more than that, and you will not be increasing profit at the margin. Harry suggests looking at whether productivity would rise or fall. Productivity is certainly important, since the more productive workers are, the lower the cost per gallon of potion. Ron wants to look at average cost. But both Harry and Ron are missing the other side of the equation? revenue. A firm wants to maximize its profits, so it needs to examine both costs and revenues.Thus, Hermione is right? it is best to examine whether the extra revenue would exceed the extra costs. Hermione is the only one who is thinking at the margin. a. The provision of Social Security benefits lowers an individual’s incentive to save for retirement. The benefits provide some level of income to the individual when he or she retires. This means that the individual is not entirely dependent on savings to support consumption through the years in retirement. Since a person gets fewer after-tax Social Security benefits the greater his or her 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. b.Chapter 1/Ten Principles of Economics earnings are, there is an incentive not to work (or not work as much) after age 65. The more you work, the lower your after-tax Social Security benefits will be. Thus, the taxation of Social Security benefits discourages work effort after age 65. 8. a. b. When welfare recipients have their benefits cut off after two years, they have a greater incentive to find jobs than if their benefits were to last forever. 4 The loss of benefits means that someone who cannot find a job will get no income at all, so the distribution of income will become less equal.But the economy will be more efficient, because welfare recipients have a greater incentive to find jobs. Thus, the change in the law is one that increases efficiency but reduces equity. 9. By specializing in each task, you and your roommate can finish the chores more quickly. If you divided each task equally, it would take you more time to cook than it would take your roommate, and it would take him more time to clean than it would take you. By specializing, you reduce the total time spent on chores. Similarly, countries can specialize and trade, making both better off.For example, suppose it takes Spanish workers less time to make clothes than French workers, and French workers can make wine more efficiently than Spanish workers. Then Spain and France can both benefit if Spanish workers produce all the clothes and French workers produce all the wine, and they exchange wine for clothes. 10. a. To produce the right number of CDs by the right artists and deliver them to the right people requires an enormous amount of information. You need to know about production techniques and costs in the CD industry. You need to know each person’s musical tastes and which artists they want to hear.If you make the wrong decisions, you will be producing too many CDs by artists that people do not want to hear, and not enough by others. Your decisions about CDs will carry over to other decisions. You have to make the right number of CD players for people to use. If you make too many CDs and not enough cassette tapes, people with cassette players will be stuck with CDs they cannot play. The probability of making mistakes is very high. You will also be faced with tough choices about the music industry compared to other parts of the economy.If you produce more sports equipment, you will have fewer resources for making CDs. So all decisions about the economy influence your decisions about CD production. b. 11. Countries that have corrupt police and court systems do not enforce individual property rights, including the rights over the goods and services produced by households and firms. Firms will not choose to produce products and individuals will choose not to work if there is no guarantee that they will receive payment for their efforts. Therefore, these countries end up with a lower standard of living. . b. c. d. e. Efficiency: The market failure comes from the market power of the cable TV firm. Equity Efficiency: An externality arises because secondhand smoke harms nonsmokers. Efficiency: The market failure occurs because of Standard Oil’s market power. Equity 12. Chapter 1/Ten Principles of Economics f. 13. a. 5 Efficiency: There is an externality because of accidents caused by drunk drivers. If everyone were guaranteed the best health care possible, much more of our nation’s output would be devoted to medical care than is now the case.Would that be efficient? If you believe that doctors have market power and restrict health care to keep their incomes high, you might think efficiency would increase by providing more health care. But more likely, if the government mandated increased spending on health care, the economy would be less efficient because it would give people more health care than they would choose to pay for. From the point of view of equity, if poor people are less likely to have adequate health care, providing more health care would represent an improvement.Each person would have a more even slice of the economic pie, though the pie would consist of more health care and less of other goods. When workers are laid off, equity considerations argue for the unemployment be nefits system to provide them with some income until they can find new jobs. After all, no one plans to be laid off, so unemployment benefits are a form of insurance. But there is an efficiency problem? why work if you can get income for doing nothing? The economy is not operating efficiently if people remain unemployed for a long time, and unemployment benefits encourage unemployment.Thus, there is a trade-off between equity and efficiency. The more generous unemployment benefits are, the less income is lost by an unemployed person, but the more that person is encouraged to remain unemployed. So greater equity reduces efficiency. b. 14. Because average income in the United States has roughly doubled every 35 years, we are likely to have a better standard of living than our parents, and a much better standard of living than our grandparents. This is mainly the result of increased productivity, so that an hour of work produces more goods and services than it used to.Thus, incomes have continuously risen over time, as has the standard of living. If Americans save more and it leads to more spending on factories, there will be an increase in production and productivity, because the same number of workers will have more equipment to work with. The benefits from higher productivity will go to both the workers, who will get paid more because they are producing more, and the factory owners, who will get a return on their investments. There is no such thing as a free lunch, however, because when people save more, they are giving up spending. They get higher incomes at the cost of buying fewer goods. To make an intelligent decision about whether to reduce inflation, a policymaker would need to know what causes inflation and unemployment, as well as what determines the trade-off between them. This means that the policymaker needs to understand how households and firms will adjust to a decrease in the money supply. How much will spending decline? How much will firms lower output? Any attempt to reduce inflation will likely lead to higher unemployment in the short run. A policymaker thus faces a trade-off between the benefits of lower inflation compared to the cost of higher unemployment. Answers will vary. 15. 16. 17. How to cite Mankiw Chapter 1 Solution, Papers

Not many people are happy, but all the libraries are filled with books on happiness Essay Example For Students

Not many people are happy, but all the libraries are filled with books on happiness Essay Not many people are happy, but all the libraries are filled with books on happiness, and this very fact should make us curious. The Ancients gave us dozens of recipes on how to conduct a happy life, each of them contradicting the other, or at least, with very dissimilar opinions. The Modernity has its own solutions up to the negation of the very possibility of having a happy life. And recently, mister Francis H. came up with his own idea of happiness. He argues that the problem of happiness can be reduced to wealth, knowledge and a personal belief of being in control of ones own life. Lets at first consider these factors. Wealth is important, according to mister Francis H. , because it allows the satisfaction of ones basic needs. It seems to me that if it was true, the Ancients had no chance to be happy at all and we can not be happy as well, since in the time to come people will be even more wealthy than they are now see later on the part of my essay On Future and able to better satisfy their needs. Well, I guess the notion of wealth is just relative. Same as basic needs which can cause even more trouble. What are basic needs? Color TV and refrigerator or your own jet plane? Or maybe just a barrel in a harbor as Diogenes showed us? Knowledge. In my opinion the problem with knowledge may be similar to the wealth issue. Knowledge in general meant as scientific knowledge has increased dramatically over the last centuries, but arguing that this has contributed to general happiness is at least risky, not to mention superfluous. This problem has two main aspects, firstly, its relativity as in the case of wealth; we can fly to Venus and kill most of the microbes but there is still much more to be done. Secondly, its validity in the pure aspect, as giving us answers about the world and life in general. On the other hand, as far as personal knowledge, or education, or ones intelligence goes, I dont really see any direct correlation between what one knows and is capable of doing to his own happiness. History can supply us with arguments to both sides. If you dont like history, go to the nearest psychiatric hospital to see the lack of correlation. Here we come to the third aspect of happiness: The personal belief of being in control. This is not just a relative factor as the two previous ones. This is a subjective factor, and, to me, the only real one. It is founded on ones opinion or interpretation of external events, or ones own character, whatever you call it. Therefore it is crucial and subsumes all the rest. One is happy when he believes he is happy. Remark 1: Lets discuss for a moment the problem of inclination that one has towards the opinions of others. The level of this inclination is in most of our fellow citizens very high, assessing by mere observation or giving just a little thought to the way commercials are made. The basis of advertising is the assumption that the public is incapable of having its own judgment, and this assumption must be right, otherwise the commercials would look different. How can you be happy if you didnt yet go to disneyland or didnt have a big mac for dinner? Reversing the mode of commercials we could make a lot of people happy insisting that they are happy because they have so much. And this is what the politicians try to do when running for re-election. They know the power of playing on peoples lack of judgment. You people should be happy because each of you has a house with a backyard, and we lowered the taxes! , or something like that. .u066847b48871df11706ad42b3eb540d6 , .u066847b48871df11706ad42b3eb540d6 .postImageUrl , .u066847b48871df11706ad42b3eb540d6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u066847b48871df11706ad42b3eb540d6 , .u066847b48871df11706ad42b3eb540d6:hover , .u066847b48871df11706ad42b3eb540d6:visited , .u066847b48871df11706ad42b3eb540d6:active { border:0!important; } .u066847b48871df11706ad42b3eb540d6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u066847b48871df11706ad42b3eb540d6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u066847b48871df11706ad42b3eb540d6:active , .u066847b48871df11706ad42b3eb540d6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u066847b48871df11706ad42b3eb540d6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u066847b48871df11706ad42b3eb540d6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u066847b48871df11706ad42b3eb540d6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u066847b48871df11706ad42b3eb540d6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u066847b48871df11706ad42b3eb540d6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u066847b48871df11706ad42b3eb540d6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u066847b48871df11706ad42b3eb540d6 .u066847b48871df11706ad42b3eb540d6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u066847b48871df11706ad42b3eb540d6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X grew up in di EssayA similar thing happens in the relation between people where the incapability of judging on ones own results in following fashions or mimicking behavior, or in envying others achievements or way of life since other peoples lives so often look good when viewed from the outside. Therefore, because the follower can never be satisfied, the requirement of happiness is to have your own judgment. Remark 2: Schopenhauer rightly noticed that people always have serious problems, no matter what is happening. He asserted that the total level of ones disturbance by problems remains constant over time. If somebody breaks his leg, his problem is the broken leg and not, for example, being yelled at by a stranger on the street. In such a situation the encounter with this stranger doesnt matter at all. On the other hand, if he didnt break his leg, the great problem accounting for a sleepless night would be this stranger. Therefore, the solution or avoidance of one problem does not help at all in being content, a new one is just ready to take its place. I thing this is a great remark on human behavior and it should be kept in mind such as to make life easier.